From 679b38ab78416c5b4f5827419f65804aff0a2148 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: A-hungry-wolf <yutao.chen@aliyun.com>
Date: Wed, 26 May 2021 20:10:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] week 13 AVL tree

---
 week13/AVL.c       | 246 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 week13/AVL.h       |  59 +++++++++
 week13/main.c      |  33 +++++
 week13/printTree.c | 295 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 633 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week13/AVL.c
 create mode 100644 week13/AVL.h
 create mode 100644 week13/main.c
 create mode 100644 week13/printTree.c

diff --git a/week13/AVL.c b/week13/AVL.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1a38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week13/AVL.c
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "AVL.h"
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int max(int a, int b)
+{
+    if (a > b)
+    {
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    return b;
+}
+
+int getHeight(Node *N)
+{
+    if (N == NULL)
+        return -1;
+
+    int x = getHeight(N->left);
+    int y = getHeight(N->right);
+
+    if (x >= y)
+        return x + 1;
+
+    return y + 1;
+}
+
+int getBalance(Node *N)
+{
+    return getHeight(N->left) - getHeight(N->right);
+}
+
+Node *findNode(Node *root, int x)
+{
+    if (root == NULL)
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (root->key == x)
+    {
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    if (x < root->key)
+    {
+        return findNode(root->left, x);
+    }
+
+    return findNode(root->right, x);
+}
+
+Node *rightRotate(Node *N)
+{
+    Node *N1 = N->left;
+    Node *N2 = N1->right;
+
+    N1->right = N;
+    N->left = N2;
+
+    N->height = max(getHeight(N->left), getHeight(N->right)) + 1;
+    N1->height = max(getHeight(N1->left), getHeight(N1->right)) + 1;
+
+    return N1;
+}
+
+Node *leftRotate(Node *N)
+{
+    Node *N1 = N->right;
+    Node *N2 = N1->left;
+
+    N1->left = N;
+    N->right = N2;
+
+    N->height = max(getHeight(N->left), getHeight(N->right)) + 1;
+    N1->height = max(getHeight(N1->left), getHeight(N1->right)) + 1;
+
+    return N1;
+}
+
+Node *minNode(Node *N)
+{
+    while (N->left != NULL)
+    {
+        N = N->left;
+    }
+    return N;
+}
+
+Node *insertNode(Node **root, int x)
+{
+    Node *ans;
+
+    /* insert the data */
+    if (*root == NULL)
+    {
+        Node *temp = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
+        temp->key = x;
+        temp->height = 0;
+        temp->left = NULL;
+        temp->right = NULL;
+        *root = temp;
+        ans = temp;
+        return ans;
+    }
+    else if ((*root)->key > x)
+    {
+        ans = insertNode(&(*root)->left, x);
+    }
+    else if ((*root)->key < x)
+    {
+        ans = insertNode(&(*root)->right, x);
+    }
+
+    /* handle the unbalance problem */
+    (*root)->height = 1 + max(getHeight((*root)->left), getHeight((*root)->right));
+
+    int balance = getBalance(*root);
+
+    /* case 1 left left unbalance */
+    if (balance > 1 && getBalance((*root)->left) >= 0)
+    {
+        *root = rightRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 2 left right unbalance */
+    if (balance > 1 && getBalance((*root)->left) < 0)
+    {
+        (*root)->left = leftRotate((*root)->left);
+        *root = rightRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 3 right left unbalance */
+    if (balance < -1 && getBalance((*root)->right) > 0)
+    {
+        (*root)->right = rightRotate((*root)->right);
+        *root = leftRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 4 right right unbalance */
+    if (balance < -1 && getBalance((*root)->right) <= 0)
+    {
+        *root = leftRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    return ans;
+}
+
+Node *deleteNode(Node **root, int x)
+{
+    Node *temp = *root;
+
+    if (*root == NULL)
+        return *root;
+
+    if (x < (*root)->key)
+    {
+        temp = deleteNode(&(*root)->left, x);
+    }
+
+    else if (x > (*root)->key)
+    {
+        temp = deleteNode(&(*root)->right, x);
+    }
+
+    else
+    {
+        if ((*root)->left == NULL || (*root)->right == NULL)
+        {
+            Node *child = (*root)->left != NULL ? (*root)->left : (*root)->right;
+
+            if (child == NULL)
+            { // no child case;
+                *root = NULL;
+                return temp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                (*root)->key = child->key;
+                if ((*root)->left && (*root)->left->key == child->key)
+                { // left child case;
+                    temp = deleteNode(&(*root)->left, child->key);
+                }
+                else if ((*root)->right && (*root)->right->key == child->key)
+                { // right child case;
+                    temp = deleteNode(&(*root)->right, child->key);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        { // two children case;
+            Node *child = minNode((*root)->right);
+            (*root)->key = child->key;
+            temp = deleteNode(&(*root)->right, child->key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((*root) == NULL)
+        return *root;
+
+    int balance = getBalance(*root);
+
+    (*root)->height = 1 + max(getHeight((*root)->left), getHeight((*root)->right));
+
+    /* case 1 left left unbalance */
+    if (balance > 1 && getBalance((*root)->left) >= 0)
+    {
+        *root = rightRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 2 left right unbalance */
+    if (balance > 1 && getBalance((*root)->left) < 0)
+    {
+        (*root)->left = leftRotate((*root)->left);
+        *root = rightRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 3 right left unbalance */
+    if (balance < -1 && getBalance((*root)->right) > 0)
+    {
+        (*root)->right = rightRotate((*root)->right);
+        *root = leftRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    /* case 4 right right unbalance */
+    if (balance < -1 && getBalance((*root)->right) <= 0)
+    {
+        *root = leftRotate(*root);
+    }
+
+    return temp;
+}
+
+void destroyTree(Node *root)
+{
+    if (root == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    destroyTree(root->left);
+    destroyTree(root->right);
+
+    free(root);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/week13/AVL.h b/week13/AVL.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e434b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week13/AVL.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+typedef struct Node Node;
+typedef struct Node
+{
+	int key, height;
+	Node *left, *right;
+} Node;
+
+Node *insertNode(Node **proot, int x);
+/*
+ function:
+	inserts a new node to the tree
+ input:
+	proot - pointer to the pointer to the tree root
+	x - the key of the new node
+ output:
+	returns a pointer to the newly inserted node 
+	returns NULL if insertion is not successful
+*/
+
+Node *deleteNode(Node **proot, int x);
+/*
+ function:
+	removes a node from the tree without freeing it
+ input:
+	proot - pointer to the pointer to the tree root
+	x - the key of of the node to be deleted
+ output:
+	returns a pointer to the deleted node 
+	returns NULL if no such node exists
+*/
+
+Node *findNode(Node *root, int x);
+/*
+ function:
+	searches for a node in the tree
+ input:
+	root - pointer to the tree root
+	x - the key of of the node to be searched
+ output:
+	returns a pointer to the found node 
+	returns NULL if no such node exists
+*/
+
+void destroyTree(Node *root);
+/*
+ function:
+	deletes all the nodes in the tree and frees the memory occupied by them
+ input:
+	root - pointer to the tree node
+*/
+
+void printTree(Node *root);
+/*
+ function:
+	prints ascii tree for given Node structure
+	this function is already implemented in printTree.cpp
+ input:
+	root - pointer to the tree node
+*/
diff --git a/week13/main.c b/week13/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59b459d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week13/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "AVL.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+  Node *root = NULL;
+
+  int ins[] = {16, 10, 21, 5, 12, 18, 24, 2, 8, 11, 15, 19, 23, 31, 1, 6, 9, 13, 22, 7};
+  int len = 20, x;
+  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+  {
+    printf("\nAfter inserting key %d..\n", ins[i]);
+    insertNode(&root, ins[i]);
+    printTree(root);
+  }
+  printf("\nInsert a new node (+ to insert, - to delete, 0 to exit): ");
+  scanf("%d", &x);
+  while (x)
+  {
+    if (x > 0)
+      insertNode(&root, x);
+    else
+      free(deleteNode(&root, -x));
+    printTree(root);
+    printf("\nInsert a new node (+ to insert, - to delete, 0 to exit): ");
+    scanf("%d", &x);
+  }
+
+  destroyTree(root);
+
+  return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/week13/printTree.c b/week13/printTree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec94a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week13/printTree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "AVL.h"
+
+//printing tree in ascii
+
+typedef struct asciinode_struct asciinode;
+
+struct asciinode_struct
+{
+  asciinode *left, *right;
+
+  //length of the edge from this node to its children
+  int edge_length;
+
+  int height;
+
+  int lablen;
+
+  //-1=I am left, 0=I am root, 1=right
+  int parent_dir;
+
+  //max supported unit32 in dec, 10 digits max
+  char label[11];
+};
+
+#define MAX_HEIGHT 1000
+int lprofile[MAX_HEIGHT];
+int rprofile[MAX_HEIGHT];
+#define INFINITY (1 << 20)
+
+//adjust gap between left and right nodes
+int gap = 3;
+
+//used for printing next node in the same level,
+//this is the x coordinate of the next char printed
+int print_next;
+
+int MIN(int X, int Y)
+{
+  return ((X) < (Y)) ? (X) : (Y);
+}
+
+int MAX(int X, int Y)
+{
+  return ((X) > (Y)) ? (X) : (Y);
+}
+
+asciinode *build_ascii_tree_recursive(Node *t)
+{
+  asciinode *node;
+
+  if (t == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+
+  node = (asciinode *)malloc(sizeof(asciinode));
+  node->left = build_ascii_tree_recursive(t->left);
+  node->right = build_ascii_tree_recursive(t->right);
+
+  if (node->left != NULL)
+  {
+    node->left->parent_dir = -1;
+  }
+
+  if (node->right != NULL)
+  {
+    node->right->parent_dir = 1;
+  }
+
+  sprintf(node->label, "%d|%d", t->key, t->height);
+
+  node->lablen = strlen(node->label);
+
+  return node;
+}
+
+//Copy the tree into the ascii node structre
+asciinode *build_ascii_tree(Node *t)
+{
+  asciinode *node;
+  if (t == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  node = build_ascii_tree_recursive(t);
+  node->parent_dir = 0;
+  return node;
+}
+
+//Free all the nodes of the given tree
+void free_ascii_tree(asciinode *node)
+{
+  if (node == NULL)
+    return;
+  free_ascii_tree(node->left);
+  free_ascii_tree(node->right);
+  free(node);
+}
+
+//The following function fills in the lprofile array for the given tree.
+//It assumes that the center of the label of the root of this tree
+//is located at a position (x,y).  It assumes that the edge_length
+//fields have been computed for this tree.
+void compute_lprofile(asciinode *node, int x, int y)
+{
+  int i, isleft;
+  if (node == NULL)
+    return;
+  isleft = (node->parent_dir == -1);
+  lprofile[y] = MIN(lprofile[y], x - ((node->lablen - isleft) / 2));
+  if (node->left != NULL)
+  {
+    for (i = 1; i <= node->edge_length && y + i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+    {
+      lprofile[y + i] = MIN(lprofile[y + i], x - i);
+    }
+  }
+  compute_lprofile(node->left, x - node->edge_length - 1, y + node->edge_length + 1);
+  compute_lprofile(node->right, x + node->edge_length + 1, y + node->edge_length + 1);
+}
+
+void compute_rprofile(asciinode *node, int x, int y)
+{
+  int i, notleft;
+  if (node == NULL)
+    return;
+  notleft = (node->parent_dir != -1);
+  rprofile[y] = MAX(rprofile[y], x + ((node->lablen - notleft) / 2));
+  if (node->right != NULL)
+  {
+    for (i = 1; i <= node->edge_length && y + i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+    {
+      rprofile[y + i] = MAX(rprofile[y + i], x + i);
+    }
+  }
+  compute_rprofile(node->left, x - node->edge_length - 1, y + node->edge_length + 1);
+  compute_rprofile(node->right, x + node->edge_length + 1, y + node->edge_length + 1);
+}
+
+//This function fills in the edge_length and
+//height fields of the specified tree
+void compute_edge_lengths(asciinode *node)
+{
+  int h, hmin, i, delta;
+  if (node == NULL)
+    return;
+  compute_edge_lengths(node->left);
+  compute_edge_lengths(node->right);
+
+  /* first fill in the edge_length of node */
+  if (node->right == NULL && node->left == NULL)
+  {
+    node->edge_length = 0;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (node->left != NULL)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < node->left->height && i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+      {
+        rprofile[i] = -INFINITY;
+      }
+      compute_rprofile(node->left, 0, 0);
+      hmin = node->left->height;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      hmin = 0;
+    }
+    if (node->right != NULL)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < node->right->height && i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+      {
+        lprofile[i] = INFINITY;
+      }
+      compute_lprofile(node->right, 0, 0);
+      hmin = MIN(node->right->height, hmin);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      hmin = 0;
+    }
+    delta = 4;
+    for (i = 0; i < hmin; i++)
+    {
+      delta = MAX(delta, gap + 1 + rprofile[i] - lprofile[i]);
+    }
+
+    //If the node has two children of height 1, then we allow the
+    //two leaves to be within 1, instead of 2
+    if (((node->left != NULL && node->left->height == 1) ||
+         (node->right != NULL && node->right->height == 1)) &&
+        delta > 4)
+    {
+      delta--;
+    }
+
+    node->edge_length = ((delta + 1) / 2) - 1;
+  }
+
+  //now fill in the height of node
+  h = 1;
+  if (node->left != NULL)
+  {
+    h = MAX(node->left->height + node->edge_length + 1, h);
+  }
+  if (node->right != NULL)
+  {
+    h = MAX(node->right->height + node->edge_length + 1, h);
+  }
+  node->height = h;
+}
+
+//This function prints the given level of the given tree, assuming
+//that the node has the given x cordinate.
+void print_level(asciinode *node, int x, int level)
+{
+  int i, isleft;
+  if (node == NULL)
+    return;
+  isleft = (node->parent_dir == -1);
+  if (level == 0)
+  {
+    for (i = 0; i < (x - print_next - ((node->lablen - isleft) / 2)); i++)
+    {
+      printf(" ");
+    }
+    print_next += i;
+    printf("%s", node->label);
+    print_next += node->lablen;
+  }
+  else if (node->edge_length >= level)
+  {
+    if (node->left != NULL)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < (x - print_next - (level)); i++)
+      {
+        printf(" ");
+      }
+      print_next += i;
+      printf("/");
+      print_next++;
+    }
+    if (node->right != NULL)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < (x - print_next + (level)); i++)
+      {
+        printf(" ");
+      }
+      print_next += i;
+      printf("\\");
+      print_next++;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    print_level(node->left,
+                x - node->edge_length - 1,
+                level - node->edge_length - 1);
+    print_level(node->right,
+                x + node->edge_length + 1,
+                level - node->edge_length - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+//prints ascii tree for given Node structure
+void printTree(Node *root)
+{
+  asciinode *proot;
+  int xmin, i;
+  if (root == NULL)
+    return;
+  proot = build_ascii_tree(root);
+  compute_edge_lengths(proot);
+  for (i = 0; i < proot->height && i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+  {
+    lprofile[i] = INFINITY;
+  }
+  compute_lprofile(proot, 0, 0);
+  xmin = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < proot->height && i < MAX_HEIGHT; i++)
+  {
+    xmin = MIN(xmin, lprofile[i]);
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < proot->height; i++)
+  {
+    print_next = 0;
+    print_level(proot, -xmin, i);
+    printf("\n");
+  }
+  if (proot->height >= MAX_HEIGHT)
+  {
+    printf("(This tree is taller than %d, and may be drawn incorrectly.)\n", MAX_HEIGHT);
+  }
+  free_ascii_tree(proot);
+}
\ No newline at end of file