// Copyright 2018 The go-emailaddress AUTHORS. All rights reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

/*
Package emailaddress provides a tiny library for finding, parsing and validation of email
addresses. This library is tested for Go v1.9 and above.

	go get -u github.com/mcnijman/go-emailaddress

Local validation

Parse and validate the email locally using RFC 5322 regex, note that when err == nil it doesn't
necessarily mean the email address actually exists.

	import "github.com/mcnijman/go-emailaddress"

	email, err := emailaddress.Parse("foo@bar.com")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("invalid email")
	}

	fmt.Println(email.LocalPart) // foo
	fmt.Println(email.Domain) // bar.com
	fmt.Println(email) // foo@bar.com
	fmt.Println(email.String()) // foo@bar.com

Host validation

Host validation will first attempt to resolve the domain and then verify if we can start a mail
transaction with the host. This is relatively slow as it will contact the host several times.
Note that when err == nil it doesn't necessarily mean the email address actually exists.

	import "github.com/mcnijman/go-emailaddress"

	email, err := emailaddress.Parse("foo@bar.com")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("invalid email")
	}

	err := email.ValidateHost()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("invalid host")
	}

Finding emails

This will look for emails in a byte array (ie text or an html response).

	import "github.com/mcnijman/go-emailaddress"

	text := []byte(`Send me an email at foo@bar.com.`)
	validateHost := false

	emails := emailaddress.Find(text, validateHost)

	for _, e := range emails {
		fmt.Println(e)
	}
	// foo@bar.com

As RFC 5322 is really broad this method will likely match images and urls that contain
the '@' character (ie. !--logo@2x.png). For more reliable results, you can use the following method.

	import "github.com/mcnijman/go-emailaddress"

	text := []byte(`Send me an email at foo@bar.com or fake@domain.foobar.`)
	validateHost := false

	emails := emailaddress.FindWithIcannSuffix(text, validateHost)

	for _, e := range emails {
		fmt.Println(e)
	}
	// foo@bar.com

*/
package emailaddress

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/smtp"
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"golang.org/x/net/publicsuffix"
)

var (
	// rfc5322 is a RFC 5322 regex, as per: https://stackoverflow.com/a/201378/5405453.
	// Note that this can't verify that the address is an actual working email address.
	// Use ValidateHost as a starter and/or send them one :-).
	rfc5322          = "(?i)(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|\"(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x21\\x23-\\x5b\\x5d-\\x7f]|\\\\[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x7f])*\")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|\\[(?:(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9]))\\.){3}(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x21-\\x5a\\x53-\\x7f]|\\\\[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x7f])+)\\])"
	validEmailRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s*$", rfc5322))
	findEmailRegexp  = regexp.MustCompile(rfc5322)
)

// EmailAddress is a structure that stores the address local-part@domain parts.
type EmailAddress struct {
	// LocalPart usually the username of an email address.
	LocalPart string

	// Domain is the part of the email address after the last @.
	// This should be DNS resolvable to an email server.
	Domain string
}

func (e EmailAddress) String() string {
	if e.LocalPart == "" || e.Domain == "" {
		return ""
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", e.LocalPart, e.Domain)
}

// ValidateHost will test if the email address is actually reachable. It will first try to resolve
// the host and then start a mail transaction.
func (e EmailAddress) ValidateHost() error {
	host, err := lookupHost(e.Domain)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return tryHost(host, e)
}

// ValidateIcanSuffix will test if the public suffix of the domain is managed by ICANN using
// the golang.org/x/net/publicsuffix package. If not it will return an error. Note that if this
// method returns an error it does not necessarily mean that the email address is invalid. Also the
// suffix list in the standard package is embedded and thereby not up to date.
func (e EmailAddress) ValidateIcanSuffix() error {
	d := strings.ToLower(e.Domain)
	if s, icann := publicsuffix.PublicSuffix(d); !icann {
		return fmt.Errorf("public suffix is not managed by ICANN, got %s", s)
	}
	return nil
}

// Find uses the RFC 5322 regex to match, parse and validate any email addresses found in a string.
// If the validateHost boolean is true it will call the validate host for every email address
// encounterd. As RFC 5322 is really broad this method will likely match images and urls that
// contain the '@' character.
func Find(haystack []byte, validateHost bool) (emails []*EmailAddress) {
	results := findEmailRegexp.FindAll(haystack, -1)
	for _, r := range results {
		if e, err := Parse(string(r)); err == nil {
			if validateHost {
				if err := e.ValidateHost(); err != nil {
					continue
				}
			}
			emails = append(emails, e)
		}
	}
	return emails
}

// FindWithIcannSuffix uses the RFC 5322 regex to match, parse and validate any email addresses
// found in a string. It will return emails if its eTLD is managed by the ICANN organization.
// If the validateHost boolean is true it will call the validate host for every email address
// encounterd. As RFC 5322 is really broad this method will likely match images and urls that
// contain the '@' character.
func FindWithIcannSuffix(haystack []byte, validateHost bool) (emails []*EmailAddress) {
	results := Find(haystack, false)
	for _, e := range results {
		if err := e.ValidateIcanSuffix(); err == nil {
			if validateHost {
				if err := e.ValidateHost(); err != nil {
					continue
				}
			}
			emails = append(emails, e)
		}
	}
	return emails
}

// Parse will parse the input and validate the email locally. If you want to validate the host of
// this email address remotely call the ValidateHost method.
func Parse(email string) (*EmailAddress, error) {
	if !validEmailRegexp.MatchString(email) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("format is incorrect for %s", email)
	}

	i := strings.LastIndexByte(email, '@')
	e := &EmailAddress{
		LocalPart: email[:i],
		Domain:    email[i+1:],
	}
	return e, nil
}

// lookupHost first checks if any MX records are available and if not, it will check
// if A records are available as they can resolve email server hosts. An error indicates
// that non of the A or MX records are available.
func lookupHost(domain string) (string, error) {
	if mx, err := net.LookupMX(domain); err == nil {
		return mx[0].Host, nil
	}
	if ips, err := net.LookupIP(domain); err == nil {
		return ips[0].String(), nil // randomly returns IPv4 or IPv6 (when available)
	}
	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed finding MX and A records for domain %s", domain)
}

// tryHost will verify if we can start a mail transaction with the host.
func tryHost(host string, e EmailAddress) error {
	client, err := smtp.Dial(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, 25))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	if err = client.Hello(e.Domain); err == nil {
		if err = client.Mail(fmt.Sprintf("hello@%s", e.Domain)); err == nil {
			if err = client.Rcpt(e.String()); err == nil {
				client.Reset() // #nosec
				client.Quit()  // #nosec
				return nil
			}
		}
	}
	return err
}